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Another famous historical case of amnesia was that of Clive Wearing. Clive Wearing was a conductor and musician who contracted the herpes simplex virus. This virus has affected the hippocampus regions of the brain. Because of this damage, Wearing could not remember more than a few moments of information. [60] Wearing`s non-declarative memory was still working, but his declarative memory was impaired. For him, he felt that he had just become aware for the first time, whenever he was unable to capture information. This case can also be used as proof that there are different storage systems for declarative and non-declarative memory. This case was further evidence that the hippocampus is an important part of the brain in memorizing past events and that declarative and non-declarative memories have different processes in different parts of the brain. Global amnesia is a common motif in fiction, although it is extraordinarily rare in reality. In the introduction to his anthology The Vintage Book of Amnesia, Jonathan Lethem writes: It has been found that the distinction between organic amnesia and dissociative amnesia can be arbitrary, as both can be a consequence of brain changes that lead to disorders of memory processes. Markowitsch and colleagues42-46 described several patients with dissociative amnesia who had metabolic changes in the brain in memory processing regions compared to non-amnesian patients. In one patient, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging did not show an increase in glucose metabolism in the right hemisphere during a task requiring autobiographical memory,42 while another patient significantly reduced glucose metabolism in the right frontotemporal region.45 Based on this research, Markowitsch47 suggested that recovery from autobiographical events following an imbalance in activity Cerebral is blocked or disturbed in patients with dissociative amnesia. In contrast, Yasuno et al.48 found increased activation in the right anterior median temporal lobe (including the amygdala) in a patient with dissociative amnesia during a task requiring explicit retrograde memory.

In control subjects, bilateral activation of the hippocampal region was increased during the task. During recovery from the amnesic state a year later, the subject showed decreased activation in the medial temporal region and increased activation in the right hippocampal region. Malingering`s potential poses a significant challenge in the forensic assessment of offenders who have been diagnosed with DID and claim to be amnesiac for violent crimes. Perr101 looked into a case in which a 49-year-old man (M.A.) was diagnosed with multiple personality disorder (DDP) in 1975, 10 years before being charged with the murder of his girlfriend. He denied any knowledge of the murder, but said one of his other personalities, Billy Ray, may have committed the murder. While Mr. Ein claimed to have no personal awareness of his alternative personalities, others reported several experiences with Billy Ray, who was described as a sociopathic personality who showed bizarre, threatening and violent behavior. Amnesia for crime can result from impaired attention due to the delusional thinking characteristic of most types of schizophrenia. However, some psychotic people do not have obvious delusions or hallucinations, but show outbursts of violent behavior, including murderous behavior, for which there is no discernible motive.102 Clinical features include denial of disease and amnesia in schizophrenic epidemics.

This occurs especially in people with disorganized schizophrenia, which is characterized by a strong disorganization of thought and behavior. Although amnesia is rarely addressed, it raises delicate legal issues. For the most part, the audience responds to a „I don`t remember“ defense with a rolling eye and a „yes, whatever.“ This is because it is convenient for defendants not to remember it in some cases. French psychologist Theodule-Armand Ribot was one of the first scientists to study amnesia. He proposed Ribotsche`s law, which states that there is a temporal gradient in retrograde amnesia. The law follows a logical progression of memory loss due to diseases. First, a patient loses the last memories, then personal memories and finally intellectual memories. He hinted that the last memories were lost first. [54] One of the reasons patients were unable to form new episodic memories is probably that the CA1 region of the hippocampus has a lesion and, therefore, the hippocampus could not connect to the cortex. After an ischemic episode (interruption of blood flow to the brain), an MRI of the patient R.B.

After the surgery, his hippocampus turned out to be intact, except for a specific lesion limited to the CA1 pyramidal cells. [1] [17] In one case, transient global amnesia was caused by a CA1 lesion of the hippocampus.